Inhibitors of Protein Methyltransferases as Chemical Tools

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PP121

LTB4 is an inflammatory lipid mediator mainly biosynthesized by leukocytes. next

LTB4 is an inflammatory lipid mediator mainly biosynthesized by leukocytes. next sample was injected. Using this method, the retention times were 5.3 minutes for 19-OH-PGB2, 6.4 minutes for 20-COOH-LTB4, 6.7 minutes for 20-OH-LTB4, 8.9 minutes for PGB2, 9.8 minutes for 6Z-LTB4, 9.9 minutes for 6Z-12epi-LTB4, 10.1 minutes for LTB4, and 12.5 minutes for 5-HETE. Internal standards and LTs were detected by UV at 270 nm while 5-HETE was detected at 235 nm. Leukotrienes represent the sum of LTB4, 20-OH-LTB4 and 20-COOH-LTB4. CYP4F3A assay Human recombinant CYP4F3A (5 pg/ml) in potassium phosphate buffer (100 mM, pH 7.4) containing a NADPH generating system (glucose-6-phosphate, NADP+, ICAM4 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, MgCl2) was warmed at 37C then incubated for 5 minutes with inhibitors or vehicle (DMSO). LTB4 (1-20 M) then was added and reactions were stopped at different times with 5 volumes of a cold stop solution. LTB4 and its -oxidation products were quantified by HPLC as described in methods. The initial reaction rate for each LTB4 concentration was determined. The maximal velocity (vmax) and the Michaelis-Menten constant (KM) were calculated for each concentration of PF-4708671 to assess the type of inhibition, using non-linear regression of the Michaelis-Menten graph with the Graphpad Prism PP121 7 Software (GraphPad Software, Inc., La Jolla, California, USA). The Michaelis-Menten graph was also linearized using the Lineweaver-Burk (double reciprocal) plot. Immunoblot Pre-warmed neutrophil suspensions (37C, 5 million cells/ml in HBSS containing 1.6 mM CaCl2) were stimulated with 100 nM of thapsigargin or N-Formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) for 5 minutes. PF-4708671, LY2584702 or vehicle were added 5 minutes before stimulation. Incubations were stopped using 1 volume of cold (4C) incubation buffer. The suspensions were centrifuged (350 x g, 5 min, 4C) and then lysed in a cold (4C) hypotonic buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, 10 mM NaCl, 3 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.4) containing 0.1% NP-40, protease inhibitors (10 g/ml aprotinin, 10 g/ml leupetin, 1 mM PMSF, protease inhibitor cocktail tablets), 2 mM diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) and phosSTOP. Cells were vortexed for 15 seconds, then immediately solubilized in electrophoresis sample buffer (62.5 mM Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, 10% glycerol, 0.01% bromophenol blue, 5% -mercaptoethanol, 2% SDS) and boiled for 10 minutes. Proteins were loaded on a 12% polyacrylamide gel for electrophoresis, and transferred onto a PVDF membrane. Membranes were blocked using PP121 TBS/Tween buffer containing PP121 5% w/v skim milk and incubated overnight at 4C with primary antibodies (anti-phospho-S6 #2211 and anti-S6 #2317, Cell Signaling) in TBS/Tween containing 5% skim milk. HRP-linked secondary antibodies and ECL substrate were used for detection. Quantification of PF-4708671 by LC-MS/MS Incubations were stopped by adding one volume of cold (-30C) MeOH + 0.01% acetic acid containing 2 ng of PGB2-D4 as an internal standard. The samples were placed at -30C overnight to allow protein denaturation and then centrifuged (1000 g, 10 minutes). The resulting supernatants were collected and diluted with water + PP121 0.01% acetic acid to obtain a final MeOH concentration 10%. Lipids were extracted from the samples using solid phase extraction cartridges (Strata-X Polymeric Reversed Phase, 60 mg/1ml, Phenomenex). The eluate was dried under a stream of nitrogen and reconstituted in 50 l of MeOH. 1 l was injected onto an HPLC column (Kinetex C8, 150 2.1 mm, 2.6 m, Phenomenex) and eluted at a flow rate of 500 l/min with a linear gradient using 0.1% formic acid (solvent A) and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid (solvent B). The gradient lasted 20 minutes, starting at 10:90 (A:B) a finishing at 90:10 (A:B). The HPLC system was interfaced with the electrospray source of a Shimadzu 8050 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and mass spectrometric analysis was done in the negative ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring for the specific mass transition 389.10 197.95. Statistical analyses Data are represented as the mean S.D. All calculations were done using the Graphpad Prism 7 Software. Ethics This study was approved by the local ethics committee (Comit dthique de la.




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