[PubMed] [Google Scholar] 7. Chi-square test Ro 48-8071 fumarate was used to assess the styles in the prevalence of hypothyroidism. A two-tailed 0.05 SP1 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 23.50 years. 9.8% of subjects were below the age of 12 years, 27.45% of subjects were of age 12C18 years, 37.25% of subjects were of age 19C30 years, and 25.49% of subjects were above 30 years. 78% were positive autoantibody for GAD, 30% for IA-2, 24% for TPO, and 16% were positive for Tg-AB. A total of 6.0% of T1DM subjects experienced evidence of clinical hypothyroidism, but the prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism (SCH) varied from 32% to 68.0% for we considered different meanings of SCH as advocated by different recommendations. All subjects with overt hypothyroidism experienced positive GAD and thyroid autoantibodies. One (2%) subject had medical hyperthyroidism with strongly positive GAD, TPO, and Tg-AB. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of GAD, IA2, TPO, and Tg-AB in our T1DM subjects. A substantial proportion of our subjects experienced undiagnosed thyroid dysfunction having a preponderance of subclinical hypothyroidism. All T1DM subjects with overt hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism experienced positive GAD and thyroid autoantibodies. The high prevalence of undiagnosed thyroid dysfunction shows the importance of regular thyroid screening in T1DM subjects. 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The baseline characteristics of subjects are given in Table 1. Of the total 50 subjects, 29 were male, and 21 were female. Their age ranged 5C52 years (imply 23.50 years), [Table 1]. Around 9.8% of subjects were below the age of 12 years, 27.45% between age 12 and 18 years, 37.25% between age 19 and 30 years, and 25.49% above 30 years. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in the study sample is definitely demonstrated in Table 2. Positive GAD antibody (Ab) was recognized in 39 subjects (78.0%), IA2 Ab was present in 15 (30.0%) subjects, 12 (24.0%) subjects had TPO-Ab and 8 (16.0%) had Tg-Ab, 13 (26.0%) subjects showed positivity of both GAD-Ab and IA2-Ab, and 8 (16.0%) subjects showed positivity of both TPO and Tg-Ab. The presence of all four antibodies was observed in only two subjects, i.e., 4.0% [Table 3]. The prevalence of hypothyroidism among autoantibodies is definitely depicted in Furniture ?Furniture44 and Ro 48-8071 fumarate ?and5.5. All subjects overt hypothyroidism experienced positive GAD and thyroid autoantibodies. The one subject with hyperthyroidism experienced positive GAD, Tg-AB, and TPO autoantibodies. If we consider the top normal limit of TSH as 4.2 mIU/mL (based on our kit reference as well while Clinical Practice Recommendations for Hypothyroidism in Adults: AACE and ATA 2012), a total of 38% of T1DM subjects had previously undiagnosed thyroid dysfunction with 32% having SCH while 6.0% had overt hypothyroidism. As per the recent National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry laboratory guideline, considering the TSH cutoff 2.5 mIU/mL, the prevalence of overt Ro 48-8071 fumarate hypothyroidism remained unchanged at 6%, but the prevalence of SCH soared significantly to 68%. As a result, SCH was found to be significantly higher in the GAD antibody-positive subjects, = 0.043. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism between IA2, TG, IA2, TPO, and TG antibody positive or bad T1DM subjects. There was only one (2%) subject with overt hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease as confirmed by radionuclide technetium scan. None of the subjects experienced polygrandular atrophy. Further the age-wise stratification of thyroid autoantibodies in different age groups of type 1 diabetes mellitus subjects is definitely depicted in Table 6. Table 1 Baseline characteristics Open in a separate window Table 2 Prevalence of hypothyroidism Open in a separate window Table 3 Rate of recurrence of positivity for the all antibodies Open in a separate window Table 4 Association of glutamic acid decarboxylase and islet antigen-2 antibody between medical and sub medical hypothyroidism Open in a Ro 48-8071 fumarate separate window Table 5 Association of antibody between medical and subclinical hypothyroidism Open in a separate window Table 6 Age-wise stratification of thyroid autoantibodies in different age groups of type 1 diabetes mellitus subjects Open in a separate window Conversation Ro 48-8071 fumarate The prevalence of 26%C61% of autoantibody positivity in T1DM subjects has been reported from North India, with very few dual positive subjects.[6,7,8] Low antibody seropositivity is a consistent feature of T1DM in Asia, particularly in India, compared to Western T1DM population.[8,14,15] The majority of our subjects were positive for one or more autoantibodies, and this is similar to what offers been shown by other landmark studies such as the SEARCH for Diabetes in the Young Study and the Finnish DIPP Study.[16,17] In our study, GAD antibody was present in 78.0% followed by 30% positivity for IA2 and 26.0% had both GAD.